<?php
/*
--- SQL TABLE --
CREATE TABLE `grosse_catastrofe`(
  `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `text_id` CHAR(32),
  `nazov` VARCHAR(64),
  `cena` double ,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
)ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_czech_ci;

INSERT `grosse_catastrofe` (`nazov`, `text_id`,`cena`) VALUES
('Fislo 1',MD5('asdfadsfasd'), 111),
('Fislo 2',MD5('asdfadsfasd'), 122),
('Fislo 3',MD5('toto nééé'), 133),
('Fislo 4',MD5('asdfadsfasd'), 144);

*/

//---- setting ----
$serversql = 'localhost';
$loginsql = '****';
$serverpasssql = '******';
$serversqldb = '****';
//--------------------

//---- simulate post ----
$_POST['nazovTabKategorie'] = 'grosse_catastrofe';
$i = 0;
$idvalue = '0fc3d100fa1b5c80179e1ccad8fd9497';
$_SESSION['kosik'] = Array(Array('id' => $idvalue));
//-----------------------------

//fce
function getValidNameOfTable($tableName) {if($tableName == 'grosse_catastrofe') return $tableName; else return false; } //change body!
function getValidId($id) { return $id; } //change body!

//pre check
if(($sqlCat = getValidNameOfTable($_POST['nazovTabKategorie']))=== false)
  die('Bubák table');
if((!is_array($_SESSION['kosik']))
 ||(!is_array($_SESSION['kosik'][$i]))
 ||(($sqlId = getValidId($_SESSION['kosik'][$i]['id'])) === false))
  die('Bubák id');

// begin my modification of your code --------------------
echo "\nmysql_XXX:\n";
//---- connect to db
$connect =mysql_Connect($serversql,$loginsql,$serverpasssql) or
    die("Could not connect: " . mysql_error());
mysql_query("SET NAMES 'utf8'");
mysql_select_db ($serversqldb);
//------------------

$sql = "SELECT `nazov`,`cena` FROM `".$sqlCat."` WHERE text_id = '".mysql_escape_string($sqlId)."'";
if(($result = mysql_query($sql,$connect)))
{
  while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result))
    echo "${row[0]} - ${row[1]}\n";
  mysql_free_result($result);
}
else
{
 echo "Error: " . mysql_error();
 //uklid a konec
}
//end my modification of your code --------------------

//********* with prepared ..... **********
//---- connect to db
echo "\nmysqli_XXX and stmt:\n";
$mysqli = new mysqli($serversql, $loginsql, $serverpasssql, $serversqldb);
if (mysqli_connect_errno())
  die("Could not connect: " . mysqli_connect_error());
if(!$mysqli->query("SET NAMES 'utf8'"))
  die("Could not connect - SET NAMES fail");

//prepare
$stmt = $mysqli->stmt_init();
$sql = "SELECT `nazov`,`cena` FROM `".$sqlCat."` WHERE text_id = ?";
if(($stmt = $mysqli->prepare($sql)))
{
  if(!($stmt->bind_param("s", $sqlId)))
    die('ERR%OR bind param');
  if(!$stmt->execute())
    die('ERROR execute');
  if(!$stmt->bind_result($nazov,$cena))
    die('ERROR bind result');
  while($res = $stmt->fetch())
  {
    echo "$nazov - $cena\n";
  }
  if($res === false)
    echo "ERROR fetch";
  $stmt->close();
}
else
{
  die("ERROR prepare");
}

?>