Portál AbcLinuxu, 8. května 2025 11:15
MemTotal: 132003196 kB MemFree: 120722048 kB Buffers: 157348 kB Cached: 8189884 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 3702184 kB Inactive: 6132636 kB Active(anon): 1492308 kB Inactive(anon): 124568 kB Active(file): 2209876 kB Inactive(file): 6008068 kB Unevictable: 64 kB Mlocked: 64 kB SwapTotal: 134182908 kB SwapFree: 134182908 kB Dirty: 4 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 1487788 kB Mapped: 521012 kB Shmem: 129292 kB Slab: 464380 kB SReclaimable: 376508 kB SUnreclaim: 87872 kB KernelStack: 7296 kB PageTables: 50072 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 200184504 kB Committed_AS: 5185008 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 563156 kB VmallocChunk: 34290997244 kB HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB AnonHugePages: 583680 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 370136 kB DirectMap2M: 11130880 kB DirectMap1G: 124780544 kB/proc/mtrr
reg00: base=0x000000000 ( 0MB), size= 2048MB, count=1: write-back reg01: base=0x100000000 ( 4096MB), size= 4096MB, count=1: write-back reg02: base=0x200000000 ( 8192MB), size= 8192MB, count=1: write-back reg03: base=0x400000000 (16384MB), size=16384MB, count=1: write-back reg04: base=0x800000000 (32768MB), size=32768MB, count=1: write-back reg05: base=0x1000000000 (65536MB), size=65536MB, count=1: write-back reg06: base=0x2000000000 (131072MB), size= 2048MB, count=1: write-backUryvek dmesg:
[ 0.000000] MTRR default type: uncachable [ 0.000000] MTRR fixed ranges enabled: [ 0.000000] 00000-9FFFF write-back [ 0.000000] A0000-BFFFF uncachable [ 0.000000] C0000-FFFFF write-protect [ 0.000000] MTRR variable ranges enabled: [ 0.000000] 0 base 000000000000 mask 3FE000000000 write-back [ 0.000000] 1 base 002000000000 mask 3FFF80000000 write-back [ 0.000000] 2 base 000080000000 mask 3FFF80000000 uncachable [ 0.000000] 3 disabled [ 0.000000] 4 disabled [ 0.000000] 5 disabled [ 0.000000] 6 disabled [ 0.000000] 7 disabled [ 0.000000] 8 disabled [ 0.000000] 9 disabled [ 0.000000] x86 PAT enabled: cpu 0, old 0x7040600070406, new 0x7010600070106 [ 0.000000] original variable MTRRs [ 0.000000] reg 0, base: 0GB, range: 128GB, type WB [ 0.000000] reg 1, base: 128GB, range: 2GB, type WB [ 0.000000] reg 2, base: 2GB, range: 2GB, type UC [ 0.000000] total RAM covered: 131072M [ 0.000000] Found optimal setting for mtrr clean up [ 0.000000] gran_size: 64K chunk_size: 64K num_reg: 7 lose cover RAM: 0G [ 0.000000] New variable MTRRs [ 0.000000] reg 0, base: 0GB, range: 2GB, type WB [ 0.000000] reg 1, base: 4GB, range: 4GB, type WB [ 0.000000] reg 2, base: 8GB, range: 8GB, type WB [ 0.000000] reg 3, base: 16GB, range: 16GB, type WB [ 0.000000] reg 4, base: 32GB, range: 32GB, type WB [ 0.000000] reg 5, base: 64GB, range: 64GB, type WB [ 0.000000] reg 6, base: 128GB, range: 2GB, type WB [ 0.000000] e820: update [mem 0x80000000-0xffffffff] usable ==> reserved [ 0.000000] e820: last_pfn = 0x7df76 max_arch_pfn = 0x400000000 [ 0.000000] found SMP MP-table at [mem 0x000fdc20-0x000fdc2f] mapped at [ffff8800000fdc20] [ 0.000000] Scanning 1 areas for low memory corruption [ 0.000000] Base memory trampoline at [ffff880000098000] 98000 size 24576 [ 0.000000] Using GB pages for direct mapping [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x00000000-0x000fffff] [ 0.000000] [mem 0x00000000-0x000fffff] page 4k [ 0.000000] BRK [0x01fdd000, 0x01fddfff] PGTABLE [ 0.000000] BRK [0x01fde000, 0x01fdefff] PGTABLE [ 0.000000] BRK [0x01fdf000, 0x01fdffff] PGTABLE [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x207fe00000-0x207fffffff] [ 0.000000] [mem 0x207fe00000-0x207fffffff] page 1G [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x207c000000-0x207fdfffff] [ 0.000000] [mem 0x207c000000-0x207fdfffff] page 1G [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x2000000000-0x207bffffff] [ 0.000000] [mem 0x2000000000-0x207bffffff] page 1G [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x1000000000-0x1fffffffff] [ 0.000000] [mem 0x1000000000-0x1fffffffff] page 1G [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x00100000-0x7df75fff] [ 0.000000] [mem 0x00100000-0x001fffff] page 4k [ 0.000000] [mem 0x00200000-0x7ddfffff] page 2M [ 0.000000] [mem 0x7de00000-0x7df75fff] page 4k [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x100000000-0xfffffffff] [ 0.000000] [mem 0x100000000-0xfffffffff] page 1GJe to tim regionem 2 typu uncachable? Jeste podotknu, ze ve windows na identickem HW takovy problem neni. Take si matne vzpominam, ze na Ubuntu 12.04 to take nedelalo. Ma nekdo napad, jak to opravit?
V tom by nutně problém být nemusel:
[ 0.000000] reg 0, base: 0GB, range: 2GB, type WB [ 0.000000] reg 1, base: 4GB, range: 4GB, type WB [ 0.000000] reg 2, base: 8GB, range: 8GB, type WB [ 0.000000] reg 3, base: 16GB, range: 16GB, type WB [ 0.000000] reg 4, base: 32GB, range: 32GB, type WB [ 0.000000] reg 5, base: 64GB, range: 64GB, type WB [ 0.000000] reg 6, base: 128GB, range: 2GB, type WB
Tyhle 2 GB by tedy jen měly být přemapované na konec. Nemáte to oříznuté parametrem mem?
struct page má 48 MB, což by už sice dalo 1536 MB, ale vmemmap se IIRC počítá do MemTotal.
00000000-00000fff : reserved
00001000-0009e7ff : System RAM
0009e800-0009ffff : reserved
000a0000-000bffff : PCI Bus 0000:00
000c0000-000dffff : PCI Bus 0000:00
000c0000-000ce9ff : Video ROM
000cf000-000cf3ff : Adapter ROM
000cf800-000d07ff : Adapter ROM
000e0000-000fffff : reserved
000f0000-000fffff : System ROM
00100000-7df75fff : System RAM
01000000-0172abb4 : Kernel code
0172abb5-01d1c9bf : Kernel data
01e74000-01fdbfff : Kernel bss
7df76000-7e0e0fff : reserved
7df86018-7df8603e : APEI ERST
7df8603f-7df8803e : APEI ERST
7e0e1000-7e2f1fff : ACPI Non-volatile Storage
7e2f2000-7f353fff : reserved
7f354000-7f7fffff : ACPI Non-volatile Storage
7f800000-7fffffff : RAM buffer
80000000-dfffffff : PCI Bus 0000:00
80000000-8fffffff : PCI MMCONFIG 0000 [bus 00-ff]
80000000-8fffffff : reserved
d0000000-d9ffffff : PCI Bus 0000:04
d0000000-d7ffffff : 0000:04:00.0
d8000000-d9ffffff : 0000:04:00.0
da400000-da8fffff : PCI Bus 0000:05
da400000-da7fffff : 0000:05:00.0
da400000-da7fffff : isci
da800000-da87bfff : 0000:05:00.0
da87c000-da87ffff : 0000:05:00.0
da87c000-da87ffff : isci
daa00000-daafffff : PCI Bus 0000:06
daa00000-daa1ffff : 0000:06:00.1
daa20000-daa3ffff : 0000:06:00.1
daa40000-daa5ffff : 0000:06:00.0
daa60000-daa7ffff : 0000:06:00.0
de000000-df0fffff : PCI Bus 0000:04
de000000-deffffff : 0000:04:00.0
de000000-deffffff : nvidia
df000000-df07ffff : 0000:04:00.0
df080000-df083fff : 0000:04:00.1
df080000-df083fff : ICH HD audio
df100000-df1fffff : PCI Bus 0000:0a
df100000-df103fff : 0000:0a:02.0
df104000-df1047ff : 0000:0a:02.0
df104000-df1047ff : firewire_ohci
df200000-df2fffff : PCI Bus 0000:09
df200000-df201fff : 0000:09:00.0
df200000-df201fff : xhci_hcd
df300000-df3fffff : PCI Bus 0000:08
df300000-df301fff : 0000:08:00.0
df300000-df301fff : xhci_hcd
df400000-df4fffff : PCI Bus 0000:06
df400000-df41ffff : 0000:06:00.1
df400000-df41ffff : igb
df420000-df43ffff : 0000:06:00.0
df420000-df43ffff : igb
df440000-df443fff : 0000:06:00.1
df440000-df443fff : igb
df444000-df447fff : 0000:06:00.0
df444000-df447fff : igb
df500000-df5fffff : PCI Bus 0000:05
df600000-df603fff : 0000:00:1b.0
df600000-df603fff : ICH HD audio
df604000-df607fff : 0000:00:04.7
df604000-df607fff : ioatdma
df608000-df60bfff : 0000:00:04.6
df608000-df60bfff : ioatdma
df60c000-df60ffff : 0000:00:04.5
df60c000-df60ffff : ioatdma
df610000-df613fff : 0000:00:04.4
df610000-df613fff : ioatdma
df614000-df617fff : 0000:00:04.3
df614000-df617fff : ioatdma
df618000-df61bfff : 0000:00:04.2
df618000-df61bfff : ioatdma
df61c000-df61ffff : 0000:00:04.1
df61c000-df61ffff : ioatdma
df620000-df623fff : 0000:00:04.0
df620000-df623fff : ioatdma
df624000-df624fff : 0000:00:1f.6
df625000-df6250ff : 0000:00:1f.3
df626000-df6267ff : 0000:00:1f.2
df626000-df6267ff : ahci
df627000-df6273ff : 0000:00:1d.0
df627000-df6273ff : ehci_hcd
df628000-df6283ff : 0000:00:1a.0
df628000-df6283ff : ehci_hcd
df62a000-df62a00f : 0000:00:16.1
df62b000-df62b00f : 0000:00:16.0
df62c000-df62cfff : 0000:00:05.4
dfffc000-dfffcfff : dmar1
e0000000-fbffffff : PCI Bus 0000:80
fbf00000-fbf03fff : 0000:80:04.7
fbf00000-fbf03fff : ioatdma
fbf04000-fbf07fff : 0000:80:04.6
fbf04000-fbf07fff : ioatdma
fbf08000-fbf0bfff : 0000:80:04.5
fbf08000-fbf0bfff : ioatdma
fbf0c000-fbf0ffff : 0000:80:04.4
fbf0c000-fbf0ffff : ioatdma
fbf10000-fbf13fff : 0000:80:04.3
fbf10000-fbf13fff : ioatdma
fbf14000-fbf17fff : 0000:80:04.2
fbf14000-fbf17fff : ioatdma
fbf18000-fbf1bfff : 0000:80:04.1
fbf18000-fbf1bfff : ioatdma
fbf1c000-fbf1ffff : 0000:80:04.0
fbf1c000-fbf1ffff : ioatdma
fbf20000-fbf20fff : 0000:80:05.4
fbffe000-fbffefff : dmar0
fc000000-fcffffff : pnp 00:00
fd000000-fdffffff : pnp 00:00
fe000000-feafffff : pnp 00:00
feb00000-febfffff : pnp 00:00
fec00000-fec003ff : IOAPIC 0
fec01000-fec013ff : IOAPIC 1
fec40000-fec403ff : IOAPIC 2
fed00000-fed003ff : HPET 0
fed08000-fed08fff : pnp 00:0a
fed0e000-fed0ffff : PCI Bus 0000:00
fed1c000-fed3ffff : reserved
fed1c000-fed1ffff : pnp 00:0a
fed1f410-fed1f414 : iTCO_wdt
fed45000-fedfffff : pnp 00:00
fee00000-fee00fff : Local APIC
ff000000-ffffffff : reserved
ff000000-ffffffff : pnp 00:0a
100000000-207fffffff : System RAM
100000000-207fffffff : System RAM => 126 GiB
i tady ty 2 GiB hapruji. Ale nikde naznak, kampak se ztratily
00001000-0009e7ff : System RAM 00100000-7df75fff : System RAM
Take nemuzu dohledat, zda je tato pamet v reserved nebo v memtotal casti... Vetsi smysl by mi davalo reserved pac to je struktura staticka (pokud pominu nejaky hotplug pameti), skoro jiste nejde odswapnout.
Muze tam hrat nejakou roli, ze se jedna de facto o NUMA?
mem_map_t" (ne jako substring), je Documentation/virtual/uml/UserModeLinux-HOWTO.txt. Proměnná mem_map je pointer na struct page a k těm už jsem se vyjadřoval výše (jen jsem se přehlédl, na x86_64 má 56 B, ne 48 (ale rozhodně ne 98)).
To vypadá hodně staře… Tohle je OpenSuSE 12.3 (jádro 3.7), ale podobné to bude na většině aktuálních distribucí:
crash> struct -o page
struct page {
[0] unsigned long flags;
[8] struct address_space *mapping;
struct {
union {
[16] unsigned long index;
[16] void *freelist;
[16] bool pfmemalloc;
};
union {
[24] unsigned int counters;
struct {
union {
[24] atomic_t _mapcount;
struct {
[24] unsigned int inuse : 16;
[24] unsigned int objects : 15;
[24] unsigned int frozen : 1;
};
[24] int units;
};
[28] atomic_t _count;
};
};
};
union {
[32] struct list_head lru;
struct {
[32] struct page *next;
[40] int pages;
[44] int pobjects;
};
[32] struct list_head list;
struct {
[32] struct kmem_cache *slab_cache;
[40] struct slab *slab_page;
};
};
union {
[48] unsigned long private;
[48] spinlock_t ptl;
[48] struct kmem_cache *slab;
[48] struct page *first_page;
};
}
SIZE: 56
Pokusim se zjistit, zda tato struktura je v memtotal.
Vypadá to, že stránky s vmemmap jsou reserved, takže by se do MemTotal počítat neměly. Ale jestli chcete, najděte si to v kódu.
Case closed, neni to bg, je to vlastnost
struct page o kousek větší. Nebo bych spíš odhadoval, že to není jediná reserved oblast (jen největší).
Mozna by pomohlo pouzit EFI boot, kde se pametova mapa sestavuje jinak (viz. take parametr jadra "add_efi_memmap") a prip. si pohrat s MTRR cleanupem (parametr jadra "mtrr-cleanup"), ale stejne jsem k tomu skepticky.
Tiskni
Sdílej:
ISSN 1214-1267, (c) 1999-2007 Stickfish s.r.o.
25.4.2014 14:41