Dotaz: Kolko TB mozno zapisat na pevny disk ?

[Kandidat viet]

Koľko terabajtov dát možno opakovane bez nejakého poškodenia zapísať na pevný disk ? Konkrétne jedná sa o 8TB Seagate a denná záloha na neho zapísaná je cca 200 - 300GB... Ďakujem

Odpovědi

[Pavel 'TIGER' Růžička]

Záleží na typu, není disk, jako disk.

[Jendа]

Jo, jinak jsou disky typu „surveillance“/„určeno do nahrávačů bezpečnostních kamer“, kde se vyloženě předpokládá, že to bude neustále zapisovat video stream.

[Jendа]

Dobrá otázka, na kterou neznám odpověď, tak jen pár postřehů: u „klasického“ disku je to podle mě úplně jedno, hlavička je při běhu nad diskem tak jako tak, a jestli se něco zmagnetuje nebo ne je asi fuk. Co bych čekal že můžeš vadit jsou seeky (mechanický stres), ale když i staré rotační disky přežily jak btrfs balance, tak provoz Krakena (A5/1 cracker založený na neustálém seekování v rainbow tables), tak to empiricky bude taky v pohodě. Jenže dneska jsou věci jménem HAMR, kde se navíc něco zahřejvá a ochlazuje, a to už mechanický stres být může.

[pc2005]

U šindelů se zase používá NAND cache na uložení celé stopy, která se na plotně přepíše. Ta taky nebude mít neomezenou životnost.

Taky je otázka jak se sníží životnost hlav, když z WD disku časem unikne helium.

[Peter Golis]

Všetky. Ak ťa zaujíma chybovosť, tak sa zameraj na diagnostiku disku za behu, aj s overovaním redundancie dát. Objem zápisu sa zvykne používať ako kritérium životnosti u SSD, a taký si v tej kapacite ty asi nekúpiš.

[GeorgeWH]

Takze podla teba disk s garanciou zapisu 55TB/y, 2400Power on Hours/y a zarukou 2 roky bude na tom rovnako ako disk s 550TB/y, 8760PoH/y a 5-rocnou zarukou?

[Petr Šobáň]

Teoreticky ne, ale prakticky ano pro domácí použití.

Oba disky doma morálně zastarají dříve než se pokazí.

[GeorgeWH]

Uz pri nizsom limite denneho zapisu (200GB), prekroci pri 55TB/y disku rocny zapis o 29%, co mi nepride malo, nehovoriac o tom, ze ten disk nie je urceny pre beh 24/7.

Skoda ze blackblaze nema statistiku aj enterprise diskov.

[Petr Šobáň]

Doma na HDD nezapíšeš 200G dat za den, a pro profi použití musí vybírat konkrétní HDD dle použití zda je to do raidu nebo ne zda to běží nonstop nebo pouze nárazově atd.....

Jinak magnetický zápis vydrží, ale nevydrží většinou mechanika hlaviček nebo motor.

Už jsem měl v rukou HDD s urvanou hlavičkou.

[GeorgeWH]

Nechapem, preco tu riesis nejake domace pouzivanie, ked OP napisal, ze denna zaloha ma 200-300GB a disk Seagate 8TB. Ja som poslal deklarovane parametre dvoch 8TB diskov z roznej modelovej rady od Seagate.

[Kandidat viet]

Na tom backup serveri je 2 x Seagate IronWolf 8 TB a tento typ by mal v pohode zvladat 180 TB/rok (ma záruku 3 roky). 365 * povedzme 300GB/den = 109500 GB/rok ~ 107 TB/rok +/- (čisto zápis). Po troch rokoch sa vymeni. Hadam v RAID1 vydrzia tie 3 roky (tých 26 280 hodin s minimálnym počtom reštartov). Je tam mdadm raid1 a nad nim LUKS a JFS (jediný FS ktorý ma nikdy nesklamal). Mám ešte ďalšie 2 IronWolf v hybridnom RAID1 s 256GB NVME SSD pre root particiu (write-mostly parameter pre HDD) - tak som zvedavý či tie 3 roky dáme v pohode aj tu (ale tu je zápis minimálny)

[lertimir]

Pár mi disků odešlo, ale mám i rekordmany. A prošlo přes ně hodně TB, IronWolfy je jiná třída. Caviar Green

smartctl -a /dev/sdg 
smartctl 7.0 2018-12-30 r4883 [x86_64-linux-4.20.3-arch1-1-ARCH] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-18, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Western Digital Caviar Green
Device Model:     WDC WD15EADS-00P8B0
Serial Number:    WD-WMAVU3958299
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 00286a314
Firmware Version: 01.00A01
User Capacity:    1 500 301 910 016 bytes [1,50 TB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ATA8-ACS (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is:  SATA 2.6, 3.0 Gb/s
Local Time is:    Mon Jan 21 00:13:15 2019 CET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Status not supported: Incomplete response, ATA output registers missing
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
Warning: This result is based on an Attribute check.

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x84) Offline data collection activity
                                        was suspended by an interrupting command from host.
                                        Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                                        without error or no self-test has ever 
                                        been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:                (35400) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:                    (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                                        Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                                        Suspend Offline collection upon new
                                        command.
                                        Offline surface scan supported.
                                        Self-test supported.
                                        Conveyance Self-test supported.
                                        Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                                        power-saving mode.
                                        Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                                        General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:        (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:        ( 403) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   5) minutes.
SCT capabilities:              (0x3037) SCT Status supported.
                                        SCT Feature Control supported.
                                        SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x002f   200   200   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       66
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0027   253   253   021    Pre-fail  Always       -       5658
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       413
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   199   199   140    Pre-fail  Always       -       1
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x002e   100   253   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   032   032   000    Old_age   Always       -       49928
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       359
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       178
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   107   107   000    Old_age   Always       -       279690
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   109   086   000    Old_age   Always       -       41
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   199   199   000    Old_age   Always       -       1
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       38
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   200   200   000    Old_age   Offline      -       36
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   0x0008   200   199   000    Old_age   Offline      -       42

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%     41978         -
# 2  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%     37955         -

Samsusng SpinPoint

smartctl -a /dev/sdh
smartctl 7.0 2018-12-30 r4883 [x86_64-linux-4.20.3-arch1-1-ARCH] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-18, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     SAMSUNG SpinPoint F2 EG
Device Model:     SAMSUNG HD154UI
Serial Number:    S1Y6J1LS806866
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0024e9 001feff7a
Firmware Version: 1AG01118
User Capacity:    1 500 301 910 016 bytes [1,50 TB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ATA/ATAPI-7, ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 3b
Local Time is:    Mon Jan 21 00:15:38 2019 CET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Status not supported: Incomplete response, ATA output registers missing
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
Warning: This result is based on an Attribute check.

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00) Offline data collection activity
                                        was never started.
                                        Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                                        without error or no self-test has ever 
                                        been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:                (19143) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:                    (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                                        Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                                        Suspend Offline collection upon new
                                        command.
                                        Offline surface scan supported.
                                        Self-test supported.
                                        Conveyance Self-test supported.
                                        Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                                        power-saving mode.
                                        Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                                        General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:        (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:        ( 320) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (  33) minutes.
SCT capabilities:              (0x003f) SCT Status supported.
                                        SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
                                        SCT Feature Control supported.
                                        SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   100   099   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0007   071   071   011    Pre-fail  Always       -       9510
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       1179
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000f   100   100   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  8 Seek_Time_Performance   0x0025   100   094   015    Pre-fail  Offline      -       13644
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   090   090   000    Old_age   Always       -       51612
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0033   100   100   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       875
 13 Read_Soft_Error_Rate    0x000e   100   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
183 Runtime_Bad_Block       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0033   001   001   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       225
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       4
188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   071   033   000    Old_age   Always       -       29 (Min/Max 19/29)
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   068   032   000    Old_age   Always       -       32 (135 207 32 19 0)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered  0x001a   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       16885
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x003e   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1135
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   0x000a   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       3
201 Soft_Read_Error_Rate    0x000a   253   253   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%     47648         -
# 2  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%     43552         -

Spinpoint druhý

smartctl -a /dev/sdi
smartctl 7.0 2018-12-30 r4883 [x86_64-linux-4.20.3-arch1-1-ARCH] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-18, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     SAMSUNG SpinPoint F2 EG
Device Model:     SAMSUNG HD154UI
Serial Number:    S1Y6J90SA11360
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0024e9 2011d662c
Firmware Version: 1AG01118
User Capacity:    1 500 301 910 016 bytes [1,50 TB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ATA/ATAPI-7, ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 3b
Local Time is:    Mon Jan 21 00:15:51 2019 CET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00) Offline data collection activity
                                        was never started.
                                        Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                                        without error or no self-test has ever 
                                        been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:                (18889) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:                    (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                                        Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                                        Suspend Offline collection upon new
                                        command.
                                        Offline surface scan supported.
                                        Self-test supported.
                                        Conveyance Self-test supported.
                                        Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                                        power-saving mode.
                                        Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                                        General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:        (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:        ( 316) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (  33) minutes.
SCT capabilities:              (0x003f) SCT Status supported.
                                        SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
                                        SCT Feature Control supported.
                                        SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   100   100   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0007   071   071   011    Pre-fail  Always       -       9450
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       1120
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000f   100   100   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  8 Seek_Time_Performance   0x0025   100   096   015    Pre-fail  Offline      -       10596
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   089   089   000    Old_age   Always       -       53799
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0033   100   100   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       814
 13 Read_Soft_Error_Rate    0x000e   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
183 Runtime_Bad_Block       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0033   100   100   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   072   039   000    Old_age   Always       -       28 (Min/Max 14/28)
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   070   038   000    Old_age   Always       -       30 (58 235 30 14 0)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered  0x001a   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       956724
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x003e   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       26
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   0x000a   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
201 Soft_Read_Error_Rate    0x000a   253   253   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%     47296         -
# 2  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%     43199         -

[R]

smartctl 6.6 2016-05-31 r4324 [x86_64-linux-4.9.0-8-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Vendor:               FUJITSU
Product:              MAX3073RC
Revision:             D207
User Capacity:        73,407,820,800 bytes [73.4 GB]
Logical block size:   512 bytes
Rotation Rate:        15000 rpm
Logical Unit id:      
Serial number:        
Device type:          disk
Transport protocol:   SAS (SPL-3)
Local Time is:        Mon Jan 21 08:49:05 2019 CET
SMART support is:     Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is:     Enabled
Temperature Warning:  Disabled or Not Supported

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Health Status: OK

Current Drive Temperature:     25 C
Drive Trip Temperature:        65 C

Manufactured in week 26 of year 2007
Specified cycle count over device lifetime:  10000
Accumulated start-stop cycles:  25
Elements in grown defect list: 0

Error counter log:
           Errors Corrected by           Total   Correction     Gigabytes    Total
               ECC          rereads/    errors   algorithm      processed    uncorrected
           fast | delayed   rewrites  corrected  invocations   [10^9 bytes]  errors
read:          0     5550         0         0          0     106405.228           0
write:         0     7413         0         0          0     226637.848           0
verify:        0     2270         0         0          0      43751.819           0

Non-medium error count:       16

SMART Self-test log
Num  Test              Status                 segment  LifeTime  LBA_first_err [SK ASC ASQ]
     Description                              number   (hours)
# 1  Background long   Completed                   -       0                 - [-   -    -]
# 2  Background short  Completed                   -       0                 - [-   -    -]

Long (extended) Self Test duration: 919 seconds [15.3 minutes]

smartctl 6.6 2016-05-31 r4324 [i686-linux-4.9.0-8-686] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Western Digital Caviar
Device Model:     WDC WD1200BB-00DAA3
Serial Number:    
Firmware Version: 75.13B75
User Capacity:    120,034,123,776 bytes [120 GB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ATA/ATAPI-6 (minor revision not indicated)
Local Time is:    Mon Jan 21 08:53:07 2019 CET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x84) Offline data collection activity
                                        was suspended by an interrupting command from host.
                                        Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                                        without error or no self-test has ever
                                        been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection:                ( 4585) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:                    (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                                        Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                                        Suspend Offline collection upon new
                                        command.
                                        Offline surface scan supported.
                                        Self-test supported.
                                        Conveyance Self-test supported.
                                        Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                                        power-saving mode.
                                        Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                                        No General Purpose Logging support.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (  61) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   5) minutes.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000b   200   200   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0007   172   146   021    Pre-fail  Always       -       4425
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   040    Old_age   Always       -       270
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   199   199   140    Pre-fail  Always       -       4
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000b   100   253   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   001   001   000    Old_age   Always       -       126464
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   099   099   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       3
 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0013   100   100   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       259
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   197   197   000    Old_age   Always       -       3
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0012   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0012   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x000a   200   253   000    Old_age   Always       -       254
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   0x0009   200   200   051    Pre-fail  Offline      -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged